UK Rain Rate Map for Microwave

The contours of the map are for rain-rate (mm/h) exceeded for 0.01% of time.
The map is positioned in relation to the UK according to the following co-ordinates:

UK rainfall rates for planning microwave links

The map of UK rain rates is constructed from British Atmospheric Data Centre and ITU data. A full explanation is given in (legacy) paper RSSP(05-01)/42, available from Ofcom on request.

UK Microwave Link Planning

Planning of Microwave Links requires understanding of Microwave Propagation. For frequencies above 10GHz, rain fade is significant and needs to be taken into account. Modern Microwave Planning tools can incorporate this data and calculations to achieve Availability Calculations for microwave links deployed in all regions worldwide.

Data is from regulator OFCOM document:
“OfW 446: Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria for Fixed Point-to-Point Radio Services with Digital Modulation “

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CableFree FOR3 & HCR Microwave

Two dependable and high performance microwave links available from reputable commercial microwave vendors are the CableFree FOR3 & HCR models.

CableFree Licensed Microwave Links offer long distance, high capacity and dedicated bandwidth.

The CableFree range of Microwave links include Full Outdoor (FOR3, Diamond), Full Indoor (LHR), Split Mount (HCR, LCR, MMR) and Broadcast (ASI) links to meet varied customer requirements for metro scale and national scale microwave networks.  CableFree Microwave links are are available in licensed bands (4-42GHz) as well as unlicensed 5, 17, 24GHz.

CableFree FOR3 Full Outdoor 1024QAM Microwave Link - Upgrade Dragonwave
FOR3 Full Outdoor 1024QAM Microwave Link

CableFree High Performance Licensed Microwave Radios offer up to 440 Mbps and 880 Mbps Full Duplex payload (1.6Gbps aggregate capacity) and higher up to 3Gbps or more, with a software-selectable mix of SDH, PDH and IP/Ethernet traffic  in 4-42GHz licensed frequency bands.  Using suitable antennas and sites, ultra-long-distance links exceeding 100km can be achieved.

Introducing CableFree FOR3:

CableFree FOR3 is a Full Outdoor Microwave Link, comprising a fully outdoor radio unit, and just an indoor POE (power over ethernet) injector.

Introducing CableFree HCR:

HCR is a Split-Mount microwave, comprising an Indoor Unit (IDU) and Outdoor Unit (ODU).

Operators often choose Full Outdoor Radios for short links in cities, where rooftop space is limited and costs need to be reduced. Split Mount Radios are used for long-haul links where Space Diversity (SD), XPIC and other techniques are often required

For Further Information

For further information on Microwave Technology and the range of CableFree wireless networking products please Contact Us

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Space Diversity in Microwave Links

Why use Space Diversity?

Long distance Microwave Links often use Space Diversity to ensure reliable communications between the two end points.

In certain geographic locations, such as over water and in deserts, multipath propagation poses an impediment to long-haul radio performance in the form of intolerable link outages. To compensate, a protection scheme must be applied. Space Diversity is one such widely implemented protection scheme that improves the performance of long-distance microwave radio links.

Microwave links below and above 10GHz

At link frequencies above 10 GHz, the path length of the link is limited by fading due to the occurrence of precipitation, while at link frequencies below 10 GHz rain attenuation has a limited effect on the path length. For this reason, frequencies below 10 GHz are best suited for long-haul communication networks. However, even in these preferred long-haul frequencies, path length and link availability can be
limited by another phenomenon—fading caused by multipath propagation.

The probability of fading due to multipath propagation is dependent upon geographic factors such as the locale, the terrain over which the radio waves propagate and the path inclination (angle). The path length itself also has an effect since the likelihood of multipath propagation increases as the path length increases. In general, multipath propagation is more likely to occur in tropical areas, desert areas and in links over large bodies of water

Multipath Propagation

Multipath propagation occurs as a result of one or more waves that are sent out from the transmitting antenna being reflected or deflected back onto a path that leads to the receiving antenna. The reflected/deflected wave is received in addition to the direct path wave.

Multipath Propagation example

Why use Multiple Antennas?

Spatial diversity employs multiple antennas, usually with the same characteristics, that are physically separated from one another. Depending upon the expected incidence of the incoming signal, sometimes a space on the order of a wavelength is sufficient. Other times much larger distances are needed.

As the multipath transmission is typically caused by fluctual layers in the atmosphere or at ground level, the delay difference between the direct path and the reflected/deflected paths vary over time. Also, the reflection coefficient (strength of the reflection/deflection) varies over time resulting in erratic fading behavior. By putting a second receive antenna on the tower, with a vertical separation from the first antenna, we create a second set of delay combinations. This technique is called Space Diversity. As described below, selective fading will occur at different frequency notches in the two received signals (one at each antenna) due to different delays, resulting in a significantly higher probability of receiving an undistorted signal.

Space Diversity with Multiple Antennas

How to achieve Space Diversity

Space Diversity is usually achieved using two vertically spaced antennas (space diversity), multiple transmitter frequencies (frequency diversity), both space and frequency diversity (quad diversity), or reception using two different antenna patterns (angle diversity). Frequency diversity was the first diversity used by fixed point to point microwave systems. Combining dual‐channel space and frequency diversity produces a powerful diversity improvement receiver configuration. The chapter illustrates the receive signal levels for a quad‐diversity path. The purpose of angle diversity antennas is to mitigate the destructive effects of multipath propagation without using a vertically spaced diversity antenna on the microwave tower.

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Microwave Spectral efficiency Classes

For Microwave Links, the maximum transmission rate in a given bandwidth depends on system spectral efficiency, different equipment classes are here defined. They are based on typical modulation formats and limited by a “minimum Radio Interface Capacity density” (Mbit/s/MHz) shown in table 0. Radio Interface Capacity (RIC) is defined in EN 302 217-1

Radio Interface Capacity (RIC)

The minimum RIC density figures in table 0 are valid only for systems operating on the most common channel separation (CS) equal or higher than 1,75 MHz and taking into account that for channel separations “about” 14 MHz (i.e. from 13,75 MHz to 15,0 MHz), “about” 28 MHz (i.e. from 27,5 MHz to 30 MHz), “about” 56 MHz (i.e. from 55 MHz to 60 MHz) and “about” 112 MHz (i.e. 110 MHz or 112 MHz) the RIC density of actual systems is evaluated only over the “nominal” 14 MHz, 28 MHz, 56 MHz and 112 MHz channel width. Minimum RIC figures for some systems operating on 40 MHz channel separation, with RIC density lower than the minimum requirement in table 0, are defined only in annexes C and Ea. For the special cases of sub-STM-0 capacities (defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.708 [i.63] in annex D, alternative minimum RIC figures are not defined

Spectral Efficiency Class for Microwave Links

Microwave Spectral efficiency Classes

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Upgrading Trango Microwave Links

Why consider upgrading Trango Microwave Links ?

Many users consider upgrading existing Wireless Links such as Trango to add greater capacity, or network coverage.  When considering a wireless vendor, factors generally include:

  • Vendor Track Record
  • Vendor Corporate Stability
  • Product Performance & Reliability
  • Product Support and Service
  • Manufacturing Leadtimes
  • Attractive Vendor Roadmap
  • Product Pricing including all required options

Generally, Microwave links are required to operate unattended for many years in challenging outdoor environments, and therefore reliable and stable products and vendors are paramount in the selection process.

Turbulence in Wireless Vendor Market Space

Amongst many ongoing changes in the market for Microwave Backhaul and Microwave Transmission vendors, there is ongoing consolidation, M&A, and other activities.  Recently, Microwave Vendor Trango Networks ceased trading and customers have reported that there is no longer supply of product, spares or support.

According to some former Trango customers in February 2019,

“Trango Systems has ceased trading trading and no longer or supporting existing installed links. We are therefore forced to find alternative suppliers”

Therefore many former Trango customers are looking for dependable alternative suppliers for Microwave and Radio links

CableFree FOR3 Full Outdoor 1024QAM Microwave Link - Upgrade Dragonwave
Full Outdoor 1024QAM Microwave Link from CableFree

Upgrade to Latest Microwave Technology for Higher Capacities

Some vendors are fully shipping products today with 1024QAM, XPIC, and upgrades to 2048QAM, XPIC, 10Gbps MMW (Millimeter Wave), which are features above and beyond those achieved by many in the market today.  Customers can upgrade today and achieve higher capacity, longer range, reach and availability, at low Total Cost of Ownership compared to competing options.

Future Roadmap for Microwave Upgrades

In addition to today’s products, an impressive roadmap ensures access to higher speed links and features in future products also.   Consideration is worthwhile into:

  • Vendor roadmaps to higher capacity links with microwave up to 4Gbps or more per link existing today.
  • Upgrading to E-Band MMW for shorter links especially in congested city environments
  • Using E-band Millimeter Wave for short links to free-up existing microwave spectrum, relief of spectral congestion and re-using valuable microwave spectrum for longer links where required

For More Information on Microwave Upgrades:

For more information on upgrading your Microwave Radio Network, Please Contact Us

Split Mount Radio Microwave Links

Split Mount Radio (IDU+ODU)

A Split Mount Microwave Radio consisted of Indoor plus Outdoor components – specifically Indoor Unit (IDU) and Outdoor Unit (ODU)

Split Mount Microwave Radios offer up to 500 Mbps and 1Gbps Full Duplex payload  and higher up to 6Gbps or more, in 4-42GHz licensed frequency bands.

Indoor Unit (IDU)

CableFree HCR Indoor Unit (IDU) Split Mount Radio
CableFree HCR Indoor Unit (IDU)

A Typical Split Mount Radio consists of a 19″ Rack Mount Indoor Unit which is mounted in a rack, cabinet, comms room, or even roof-mount shelter as possible locations.

Outdoor Unit (ODU)

CableFree Microwave Link ODU using 30cm antenna Split Mount Radio
CableFree Microwave Link Outdoor Unit (ODU) with using 30cm antenna mounted on a pole

The Outdoor Unit (ODU) is typically mounted directly to the Microwave Antenna on a rooftop or tower location, which enables clear Line of Sight (LOS) between both ends of the Microwave link.

For most bands above 6GHz the ODU has a waveguide interface which enables efficient, low-loss connection directly to the antenna.  For lower bands below 6GHz, commonly a coaxial cable is used between the ODU and the antenna.

In certain cases, the ODU can be remote mounted from the antenna, and a waveguide used to connect between them

Comparison with Full Outdoor Radios

A split mount radio is considered a “traditional” design and older radios always feature this.  The Indoor Unit has all the network interfaces and processing in the easy-access indoor location at the foot the tower or building.  Full Outdoor Radios by contrast have all the active items including the modem and user network interfaces inside the rooftop radio element.  This saves on space, materials, installation time and cost.  A downside is that in the event of any failure, a tower climb is almost always needed to rectify any fault, which may be impossible in rough weather, or require permits or have access limitations to reach

Distances and Range Capability of Split Mount Radios

Using suitable antennas and sites, ultra-long-distance links exceeding 100km can be achieved.   Distances depend on:

  • Frequency band
  • Regional Rainfall
  • Required throughput (Mbps)
  • Desired Availability (%)
  • Antenna size (gain)

For Further Information

For more information on Full Outdoor Radios and Microwave Networks please Contact Us

 

Microwave Waveguide Sizes & Dimensions

Microwave Waveguide Sizes

Microwave Waveguide
Microwave Waveguide

Due to high frequencies used, Waveguides rather than RF coaxial cables are used to connect Microwave Radios, Antennas and Couplers.  Matched and correct size and dimension of Waveguide is essential for all items in the Microwave link.

What is a Waveguide?

A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line that is used for high frequency signals. Waveguides conduct microwave energy at lower loss than coaxial cables and are used in microwave communications, radars and other high frequency applications.

The waveguide must have a certain minimum cross section, relative to the wavelength of the signal to function properly. If wavelength of the signal is too long (Frequency is too low) when compared to the cross section of the waveguide, the electromagnetic fields cannot propagate. The lowest frequency range at which a waveguide will operate is where the cross section is large enough to fit one complete wavelength of the signal.

Rectangular, Circular and Double Rigid

Geometrically speaking there are three types of waveguides – Rectangular Waveguides, Double Rigid Waveguides and Circular Waveguides. The tables below will give you details on the various waveguide sizes and their properties.

Rectangular Waveguide Sizes

Waveguide name Recommended frequency Cutoff frequency
lowest order mode
Cutoff frequency
next mode
Inner dimensions of waveguide opening
EIA RCSC * IEC A inch[mm] B inch[mm]
WR2300 WG0.0 R3 0.32 to 0.45 GHz 0.257 GHz 0.513 GHz 23 [584.2] 11.5 [292.1]
WR2100 WG0 R4 0.35 to 0.50 GHz 0.281 GHz 0.562 GHz 21 [533.4] 10.5 [266.7]
WR1800 WG1 R5 0.45 to 0.63 GHz 0.328 GHz 0.656 GHz 18 [457.2] 9 [228.6]
WR1500 WG2 R6 0.50 to 0.75 GHz 0.393 GHz 0.787 GHz 15 [381] 7.5 [190.5]
WR1150 WG3 R8 0.63 to 0.97 GHz 0.513 GHz 1.026 GHz 11.5 [292.1] 5.75 [146.05]
WR975 WG4 R9 0.75 to 1.15 GHz 0.605 GHz 1.211 GHz 9.75 [247.65] 4.875 [123.825]
WR770 WG5 R12 0.97 to 1.45 GHz 0.766 GHz 1.533 GHz 7.7 [195.58] 3.85 [97.79]
WR650 WG6 R14 1.15 to 1.72 GHz 0.908 GHz 1.816 GHz 6.5 [165.1] 3.25 [82.55]
WR510 WG7 R18 1.45 to 2.20 GHz 1.157 GHz 2.314 GHz 5.1 [129.54] 2.55 [64.77]
WR430 WG8 R22 1.72 to 2.60 GHz 1.372 GHz 2.745 GHz 4.3 [109.22] 2.15 [54.61]
WG9 2.20 to 3.30 GHz 1.686 GHz 3.372 GHz 3.5 [88.9] 1.75 [44.45]
WR340 WG9A R26 2.20 to 3.30 GHz 1.736 GHz 3.471 GHz 3.4 [86.36] 1.7 [43.18]
WR4284 WG10 R32 2.60 to 3.95 GHz 2.078 GHz 4.156 GHz 2.84 [72.136] 1.34 [34.036]
WG11 3.30 to 4.90 GHz 2.488 GHz 4.976 GHz 2.372 [60.2488] 1.122 [28.4988]
WR229 WG11A R40 3.30 to 4.90 GHz 2.577 GHz 5.154 GHz 2.29 [58.166] 1.145 [29.083]
WR187 WG12 R48 3.95 to 5.85 GHz 3.153 GHz 6.305 GHz 1.872 [47.5488] 0.872 [22.1488]
WR159 WG13 R58 4.90 to 7.05 GHz 3.712 GHz 7.423 GHz 1.59 [40.386] 0.795 [20.193]
WR137 WG14 R70 5.85 to 8.20 GHz 4.301 GHz 8.603 GHz 1.372 [34.8488] 0.622 [15.7988
WR112 WG15 R84 7.05 to 10 GHz 5.26 GHz 10.52 GHz 1.122 [28.4988] 0.497 [12.6238]
WR102 7.00 to 11 GHz 5.786 GHz 11.571 GHz 1.02 [25.908] 0.51 [12.954]
WR90 WG16 R100 8.20 to 12.40 GHz 6.557 GHz 13.114 GHz 0.9 [22.86] 0.4 [10.16]
WR75 WG17 R120 10.00 to 15 GHz 7.869 GHz 15.737 GHz 0.75 [19.05] 0.375 [9.525]
WR62 WG18 R140 12.40 to 18 GHz 9.488 GHz 18.976 GHz 0.622 [15.7988] 0.311 [7.8994]
WR51 WG19 R180 15.00 to 22 GHz 11.572 GHz 23.143 GHz 0.51 [12.954] 0.255 [6.477]
WR42 WG20 R220 18.00 to 26.50 GHz 14.051 GHz 28.102 GHz 0.42 [10.668] 0.17 [4.318]
WR34 WG21 R260 22.00 to 33 GHz 17.357 GHz 34.715 GHz 0.34 [8.636] 0.17 [4.318]
WR28 WG22 R320 26.50 to 40 GHz 21.077 GHz 42.154 GHz 0.28 [7.112] 0.14 [3.556]
WR22 WG23 R400 33.00 to 50 GHz 26.346 GHz 52.692 GHz 0.224 [5.6896] 0.112 [2.8448]
WR19 WG24 R500 40.00 to 60 GHz 31.391 GHz 62.782 GHz 0.188 [4.7752] 0.094 [2.3876]
WR15 WG25 R620 50.00 to 75 GHz 39.875 GHz 79.75 GHz 0.148 [3.7592] 0.074 [1.8796]
WR12 WG26 R740 60 to 90 GHz 48.373 GHz 96.746 GHz 0.122 [3.0988] 0.061 [1.5494]
WR10 WG27 R900 75 to 110 GHz 59.015 GHz 118.03 GHz 0.1 [2.54] 0.05 [1.27]
WR8 WG28 R1200 90 to 140 GHz 73.768 GHz 147.536 GHz 0.08 [2.032] 0.04 [1.016]
WR6 WG29 R1400 110 to 170 GHz 90.791 GHz 181.583 GHz 0.065 [1.651] 0.0325 [0.8255]
WR7 WG29 R1400 110 to 170 GHz 90.791 GHz 181.583 GHz 0.065 [1.651] 0.0325 [0.8255]
WR5 WG30 R1800 140 to 220 GHz 115.714 GHz 231.429 GHz 0.051 [1.2954] 0.0255 [0.6477]
WR4 WG31 R2200 172 to 260 GHz 137.243 GHz 274.485 GHz 0.043 [1.0922] 0.0215 [0.5461]
WR3 WG32 R2600 220 to 330 GHz 173.571 GHz 347.143 GHz 0.034 [0.8636] 0.017 [0.4318]

Note:

  • The “WR” designation stands for Rectangular Waveguides
  • The Number that follows “WR” is the width of the waveguide opening in mils, divided by 10. For Example WR-650 means a waveguide whose cross section width is 6500 mils.
  • The waveguide width determines the lower cutoff frequency and is equal (ideally) to ½ wavelength of the lower cutoff frequency.

Double-ridge waveguides are rectangular wagevuides with two ridges protruding parallel to the short wall. This increases the E-Field in the waveguide improving performance.

Double Ridge Waveguide Sizes

Designation
(a)=aluminum, (b)=brass, (c)=copper, (s)=silver
fL – fU*
(GHz)
fCO**
(GHz)
Inside
Width
(in)
Inside
Height
(in)
WR U.S. Mil.
__ /U
British
Mil.
IEC
WR975 RG204 (a) 0.75-1.12 0.605 9.750 4.875
WR770 RG205 (a) 0.96-1.45 0.766 7.700 3.850
WR650 RG69 (b)
RG103 (a)
WG6 1.12-1.70 0.908 6.500 3.250
WR510 1.45-2.20 1.157 5.100 2.550
WR430 RG104 (b)
RG105 (a)
WG8 1.70-2.60 1.372 4.300 2.150
WR340  RG112 (b)
RG113 (a)
WG9A 2.20-3.30 1.736 3.400 1.700
WR284 RG48 (b)
RG75 (a)
WG10 2.60-3.95 2.078 2.840 1.340
WR229  RG340 (c)
RG341 (a)
WG11A R40 3.30-4.90 2.577 2.290 1.145
WR187 RG49 (b)
RG95 (a)
WG12 R48 3.95-5.85- 3.152 1.872 0.872
WR159  RG343 (c)
RG344 (a)
WG13 R58 4.90-7.05 3.712 1.590 0.795
WR137 RG50 (b)
RG106 (a)
WG14 R70 5.850-8.200 4.301 1.372 0.622
WR112 RG51 (b)
RG68 (a)
WG15 R84 7.050-10.000 5.260 1.122 0.497
WR90 RG52 (b)
RG67 (a)
WG16 R100 8.20-12.40 6.56 0.900 0.400
WR75  RG346 (c)
RG347 (a)
WG17 10.0-15.0 7.87 0.750 0.375
WR62 RG91 (b)
RG349 (a)
WG18 12.40-18.00 9.49 0.622 0.311
WR51  RG352 (c)
RG351 (a)
WG19 15.00-22.00 11.6 0.510 0.255
WR42 RG53 (b)
RG121 (a)
WG20 18.00-26.5 14.1 0.420 0.170
WR34 RG354 (c) 20.0-33.0 17.4 0.340 0.170
WR28 RG96 (s)
RG271 (c)
WG22 26.50-40.00 21.1 0.280 0.140
WR22 RG97 (s) WG23 33.00-50.00 26.4 0.224 0.112
WR19 WG24 40.00-60.00 31.4 0.188 0.0940
WR15 RG98 (s) WG25 50.00-75.00 39.9 0.148 0.0740
WR12 RG99 (s) WG26 60.00-90.00 48.4 0.122 0.0610
WR10 WG27 75.00-110.0 59.0 0.100 0.0500
WR8 RG138 (s) WG28 90.00-140.0 73.8 0.0800 0.0400
WR7 RG136 (s) 110.0-170.0 90.8 0.0650 0.0325
WR4 RG137 170.0-260.0 137 0.0430 0.0215
WR3 RG139 (s) 220.0-325.0 174 0.0340 0.0170

 

Circular Waveguide Sizes

FrequencyBand Frequency Range Circular WaveguideDiameter, Inches (mm) Cover Flange (Brass)MIL-F- 3922 UG Flange Type
X LOW 8.2-9.97 1.094 (27.79) 53-001 UG-39/U Square
MID 8.5-11.6 0.938 (23.83)
HIGH 9.97-12.4 0.797 (20.24)
Ku LOW 12.4-15.9 0.688 (17.48) 53-005 UG-1666/U Square
MID 13.4-18.0 0.594 (15.08)
HIGH 15.9-18.0 0.500 (12.70)
K LOW 17.5-20.5 0.455 (11.56) 54-001 UG-595/U Square
MID 20-24.5 0.396 (10.06)
HIGH 24-26.5 0.328 (8.33)
Ka LOW 26.5-33 0.315 (8.00) 54-003 UG-595/U Square
MID 33-38.5 0.250 (6.35)
HIGH 38.5-40 0.219 (5.56)
Q LOW 33-38.5 0.250 (6.35) 67B-006 UG-383/U Round
MID 38.5-43 0.219 (5.56)
HIGH 43-50 0.188 (4.78)
U LOW 40-43 0.210 (5.33) 67B-007 UG-383/U-M Round
MID 43-50 0.188 (4.78)
HIGH 50-60 0.165 (4.19)
V LOW 50-58 0.165 (4.19) 67B-008 UG-385/U Round
MID 58-68 0.141 (3.58)
HIGH 68-75 0.125 (3.18)
E LOW 60-66 0.136 (3.45) 67B-009 UG-387/U Round
MID 66-82 0.125 (3.18)
HIGH 82-90 0.094 (2.39)
W LOW 75-88 0.112 (2.84) 67B-010 UG-387/U-M Round
HIGH 88-110 0.094 (2.39)
F LOW 90-115 0.089 (2.26) -UG-387/U-M Round
HIGH 115-140 0.075 (1.91)
D LOW 110-140 0.073 (1.85) -UG-387/U-M Round
HIGH 140-160 0.059 (1.50)
G LOW 140-180 0.058 (1.47) -UG-387/U-M Round
HIGH 180-220 0.045 (1.14)
170-260 0.049 (1.25) -UG-387/U-M Round
220-325 0.039 (0.99) -UG-387/U-M Round

 

WR340 | WG9A | R26 Waveguide

WR340 | WG9A | R26 – Rectangular Waveguide Size

WR340 | WG9A | R26 Waveguide Size

  • EIA Standard:WR340
  • RSCS Standard (British Military):WG9A
  • IEC Standard:R26

WR340 Specifications

  • Recommended Frequency Band:2.20 to 3.30 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Lowest Order Mode:1.736 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Upper Mode:3.471 GHz
  • Dimension:3.4 Inches [86.36 mm] x 1.7 Inches [43.18 mm]

 

Microwave Waveguide WR2300
Microwave Waveguide

What is a Waveguide?

A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line that is used for high frequency signals. Waveguides conduct microwave energy at lower loss than coaxial cables and are used in microwave communications, radars and other high frequency applications.

The waveguide must have a certain minimum cross section, relative to the wavelength of the signal to function properly. If wavelength of the signal is too long (Frequency is too low) when compared to the cross section of the waveguide, the electromagnetic fields cannot propagate. The lowest frequency range at which a waveguide will operate is where the cross section is large enough to fit one complete wavelength of the signal.

For Further Information

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WR975 | WG4 | R9 Waveguide

WR975 | WG4 | R9 – Rectangular Waveguide Size

Waveguide Size

  • EIA Standard:WR975
  • RSCS Standard (British Military):WG4
  • IEC Standard:R9

WR975 Specifications

  • Recommended Frequency Band:0.75 to 1.15 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Lowest Order Mode:0.605 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Upper Mode:1.211 GHz
  • Dimension:9.75 Inches [247.65 mm] x 4.875 Inches [123.825 mm]

 

Microwave Waveguide WR975
Microwave Waveguide

What is a Waveguide?

A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line that is used for high frequency signals. Waveguides conduct microwave energy at lower loss than coaxial cables and are used in microwave communications, radars and other high frequency applications.

The waveguide must have a certain minimum cross section, relative to the wavelength of the signal to function properly. If wavelength of the signal is too long (Frequency is too low) when compared to the cross section of the waveguide, the electromagnetic fields cannot propagate. The lowest frequency range at which a waveguide will operate is where the cross section is large enough to fit one complete wavelength of the signal.

For Further Information

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WR1150 | WG3 | R8 Waveguide

WR1150 | WG3 | R8 – Rectangular Waveguide Size

Waveguide Size

  • EIA Standard:WR1150
  • RSCS Standard (British Military):WG3
  • IEC Standard:R8

WR1150 Specifications

  • Recommended Frequency Band:0.63 to 0.97 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Lowest Order Mode:0.513 GHz
  • Cutoff Frequency of Upper Mode:1.026 GHz
  • Dimension:11.5 Inches [292.1 mm] x 5.75 Inches [146.05 mm]

 

Microwave Waveguide WR1150
Microwave Waveguide

What is a Waveguide?

A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line that is used for high frequency signals. Waveguides conduct microwave energy at lower loss than coaxial cables and are used in microwave communications, radars and other high frequency applications.

The waveguide must have a certain minimum cross section, relative to the wavelength of the signal to function properly. If wavelength of the signal is too long (Frequency is too low) when compared to the cross section of the waveguide, the electromagnetic fields cannot propagate. The lowest frequency range at which a waveguide will operate is where the cross section is large enough to fit one complete wavelength of the signal.

For Further Information

For More Information on Microwave Planning, Please Contact Us